Legal Perspectives on the Risks of Medical Malpractice in the Implementation of Artificial Intelligence and Telemedicine Technologies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59246/aladalah.v3i4.1647Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Legal Perspectives, Medical Malpractice, Risk Management, TelemedicineAbstract
The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and telemedicine has transformed healthcare delivery by improving efficiency, accessibility, and patient reach. Nevertheless, these innovations raise significant legal challenges, particularly regarding medical malpractice, diagnostic accuracy, doctor–patient communication, and the protection of sensitive medical data. This study aims to examine the potential risks of medical malpractice arising from the use of AI and telemedicine and to evaluate their broader legal implications for patient safety and healthcare quality. The research employs a literature review and case law analysis, focusing on health regulations governing the integration of AI and telemedicine in medical practice. Using a descriptive and comparative approach, this study explores dimensions of legal responsibility, including the liability of healthcare providers, technology developers, and medical professionals. The findings indicate that errors in AI-based medical diagnosis may generate liability due to algorithmic failures, while telemedicine creates legal concerns in communication that affect clinical accuracy. In addition, patient data protection remains a critical issue due to risks of data breaches. The study concludes that comprehensive regulations are urgently needed to ensure data security, establish mechanisms for monitoring AI algorithms, and provide adequate training and certification for medical professionals in utilizing these technologies.
References
Anderson, J., & Greenfield, A. (2023). Ethical Considerations in AI Healthcare. Journal of Ethics in Health Technology, 30(3), 98-110.
Andrew Booth, Sutton, A., & Papaioannou, D. (2016). Systematic Approaches to a Successful Literature Review. SAGE Publication.
Ardyan, E., Boari, Y., Akhmad, A., Yuliyani, L., Hildawati, H., Suarni, A., Anurogo, D., Ifadah, E., & Judijanto, L. (2023). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif : Pendekatan Metode Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif di Berbagai Bidang (Issue December).
Baker, C. (2010). Legal Liability in the Practice of Medicine (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.
Bakhtiar, H. S. (2022). Dikotomi Eksistensi Telemedicine Bagi Masyarakat Terpencil: Perspektif Teori Kemanfaatan. Jurnal Paradigma: Jurnal Multidisipliner Mahasiswa Pascasarjana Indonesia, 3(2), 115–125. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpmmpi.v3i2.79461
Beauchamp, T. L., & Childress, J. F. (2019). Principles of Biomedical Ethics (8th ed.). Oxford University Press.
Binns, R. (2018). Ethical Considerations in the Use of AI in the Health. Ethics in Healthcare, 12(4), 215-229.
Booth, A., Sutton, A., & Papaioannou, D. (2016). A Systematic Approach to Successful Literature Reviews. Sage.
Denecke, K., & Deng, Z. H. (2018). Digital Health: A Approach Transformative Approaches to Health Care (1st ed.). Springer.
Edidin, B. A., & Bunkov, A. V. (2024). The Use of AI in Medicine : Health Data , Privacy Risks and More. IT, Industries, Law: Telemedicine, 5(2), 57–79. https://doi.org/10.17323/2713-2749.2024.2.57.79
Fibrini, D., Pangaribuan, D. R., & Hasibuan, S. A. (2024). Malpractice and Risk Of Medical Procedures. IJRS: International Journal Reglement & Society, 5(2), 144–151. https://doi.org/10.55357/ijrs.v5i2.532
Fikri, M., Suharijadi, D., & Samson, N.-A. T. (2025). The Verbal Violence of Indonesian Political Elites: A Deconstructive Analysis of Power in the Post-Truth Era. Interdisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences, 2(2), 76–85. Retrieved from https://ejournal.pdtii.org/index.php/ijoss/article/view/222
Geny, M., Andres, E., & Talha, S. (2024). Liability of Health Professionals Using Sensors , Telemedicine and Artificial Intelligence for Remote Healthcare. Sensors, 24(11), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113491
George, A. S., & George, A. S. H. (2023). Telemedicine : A New Way to Provide Healthcare. Partners Universal International Innovation Journal (PUIIJ), 1(3), 98–129. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075850
HIPAA Journal. (2023). HIPAA Data Security Requirements. Retrieved from https://www.hipaajournal.com
Iyanna, S., Kaur, P., Ractham, P., Talwar, S., & Islam, A. K. M. N. (2022). Digital transformation of healthcare sector. What is impeding adoption and continued usage of technology-driven innovations by end-users? Journal of Business Research, 153, 150–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.08.007
Jones, C., & Duffy, B. (2021). Informed Consent and Transparency in Telemedicine. Digital Health Policy Review, 13(4), 211-225.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2021). Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor HK.01.07/MENKES/4829/2021 tentang Pedoman Pelayanan Kesehatan Melalui Telemedicine pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19. Retrieved from https://peraturan.infoasn.id/keputusan-menteri-kesehatan-nomor-hk-01-07-menkes-4829-2021/
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2022). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 24 Tahun 2022 tentang Rekam Medis. Retrieved from https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/245544/permenkes-no-24-tahun-2022
Konsil Kedokteran Indonesia. (2020). Peraturan Konsil Kedokteran Indonesia Nomor 74 Tahun 2020 tentang Kewenangan Klinis dan Praktik Kedokteran melalui Telemedicine pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19. Retrieved from https://kolegiumipd.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Perkonsil-74-Tahun-2020-Telemedicine-pada-Masa-Pandemi-Covid-19_.pdf
Lemos, R. L. (2013). Technology Law: A Guide to the Law of the Digital World (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
Mawlidy, E. R., Dio, R., & Lorensa, L. (2024). Kemampuan Artifical Intelligence Terhadap Pendeteksian Fraud: Studi Literatur. Akurasi : Jurnal Studi Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 7(1), 89–104. https://doi.org/10.29303/akurasi.v7i1.488
Maxwell, J. A. (2013). Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive Approach (3rd ed.). Sage.
Mensah, G. B. (2024). Regulating Malpractice in Telemedicine and Digital Health. Africa Journal For Regulatory Affairs (AJFRA), 2, 62–76. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.62839/AJFRA.v01i01.62-76
Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation (2nd ed.). Jossey-Bass
Morris, T., & Lillian, D. (2022). Data Privacy Law in AI and Telemedicine. Journal of Health Law and Ethics, 45(2), 134-149.
Nittari, G., Khuman, R., Baldoni, S., Pallotta, G., Battineni, G., Sirignano, A., Amenta, F., & Ricci, G. (2020). Telemedicine Practice: Review of the Current Ethical and Legal Challenges. Telemedicine and E-Health, 26(12). https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2019.0158
Prosser, W. L., & Keeton, D. (1984). Prosser and Keeton on Torts Against the Law (5th ed.). West Publishing.
Republik Indonesia. (2019). Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 71 Tahun 2019 tentang Penyelenggaraan Sistem dan Transaksi Elektronik (PP 71/2019). Retrieved from https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/122030/pp-no-71-tahun-2019
Republik Indonesia. (2022). Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Perlindungan Data Pribadi (UU PDP). Retrieved from https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/229798/uu-no-27-tahun-2022
Reuters. (2021, May 21). Indonesia summons state health insurer over alleged data leak. Reuters. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/technology/indonesia-summons-state-health-insurer-over-alleged-data-leak-2021-05-21/
Reuters. (2021, August 31). Indonesia probes suspected data breach on COVID-19 app. Reuters. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/technology/indonesia-probes-suspected-data-breach-covid-19-app-2021-08-31/
Saputra, H., Angkupi, P., & Metro, U. M. (2024). Tantangan Hukum dalam Pengembangan Teknologi Kecerdasan Buatan (AI). JURNAL RENVOI : Jurnal Hukum Dan Syariah, 1(2), 75–89. https://scholar.ummetro.ac.id/index.php/renvoi/article/view/5853
Sastria, E., Prastopo, Mulyono, & Prasetyo, B. (2024). Implikasi Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen Terhadap Penggunaan Kecerdasan Buatan (Artificial Inteligent) Dalam Penegakan Diagnosis Pasien Di Rumah Sakit. Jurnal Cahaya Mandalika, 3(1), 735–743. https://doi.org/10.36312/jcm.v3i1.3640
Sawicki, N. N. (2022). Ethical Malpractice. HOUS. L. REV, 1069, 1069–1135. https://houstonlawreview.org/article/36539-ethical-malpractice
Schönberger, D. (2019). Artificial intelligence in healthcare: a critical analysis of the legal and ethical implications. International Journal of Law and Information Technology, 27(2). https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaz004
Sebastian, R. (2024). The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Telemedicine: Legal Considerations under Indonesian Health Laws. Devotion : Journal of Research and Community Service, 5(12). https://doi.org/10.59188/devotion.v5i12
Solove, D. J. (2021). Understanding Privacy (2nd ed.). Harvard University Press. Regan, P. M. (2015). Privacy, Technology, and the Law (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.
Stake, R. E. (1995). The Art of Case Study Research. Sage.
Top 10 Cybersecurity Risks in Healthcare. (2023). Cybersecurity Risks and Patient Privacy in Healthcare. HealthITSecurity. Retrieved from https://healthitsecurity.com
Tushnet, M. (2002). The Significance of Doctrinal Analysis in Legal Research. Harvard Law Review, 115(1), 17-45.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 ALADALAH: Jurnal Politik, Sosial, Hukum dan Humaniora
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
