ALADALAH: Jurnal Politik, Sosial, Hukum dan Humaniora
ALADALAH: Jurnal Politik, Sosial, Hukum dan Humaniora. p-ISSN: 2962-889X (print), e-ISSN: 2962-8903 (online), DOI: 10.59246 This journal is a peer-reviewed and open journal of political, social, legal and humanities studies published by the Nurul Qarnain College of Sharia Sciences (STISNQ) Jember, East Java. The fields of study in this journal include political sciences, social, law, and humanities. Journal of Politics, Social, Law and Humanities, accepts papers in English and Indonesian. This journal is published 1 year 4 times (November-January, February-April, May-July and August-October) Indexed by: Journal Sponsors and Partners :
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Syariah Nurul Qarnain Jember
Pendidikan Multikultural sebagai Pilar Dasar-Dasar Kependidikan di Era Globalisasi
Globalization accelerates cross-cultural interactions and deepens social plurality, compelling education to move beyond knowledge transmission toward shaping learners capable of engaging constructively with diversity. Multicultural education emerges as a strategic framework for fostering tolerance, empathy, and intercultural competence. This literature-based inquiry analyzes the relevance of multicultural education in addressing global challenges, its integration within curriculum structures, and the role of teachers in cultivating inclusive learning environments. The analysis reveals that multicultural education significantly strengthens social cohesion, enhances learners’ awareness of diversity, and promotes the development of critical and collaborative character traits. These findings highlight the urgency of mainstreaming multicultural values in educational policy and practice to support a harmonious social order amid global dynamics.
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Keadilan Sosial dalam Perspektif Pancasila: Analisis Filsafat Hukum Indonesia
This research investigates the notion of sosial justice through the lens of Pancasila as the philosophical cornerstone of Indonesia’s legal framework. In contrast to earlier normative studies that predominantly emphasize the regulatory dimension of justice, this paper underscores Pancasila’s transformative capacity to embed moral, ethical, and societal values within the national legal structure. Employing a normative juridical approach, the study examines pertinent legal norms, prinsiples, and doctrines related to social justice, along with their manifestations in Indonesia’s legal practies. The results demonstrate that Pancasila, as teh ideological foundation of the state, offers a profound moral and philosophical grounding for establishing equitable and human-oriented legislation, nonetheless, its practical application remains impeded by an overly formalistic legal culture, insufficient internalization of values among legal practitioners, and ongoing structural inequalities. The originalitu of this study lies in its analytical reconstruction of Pancasila based legal philosophy as a normative paradgm designed to realize substantive justice and to reintroduce moral reasong into Indonesia’s legal development. Consequenty, this work contributes to the scholarly discourse on the incorporation of philosophical prinsiples into national legal reform and legal education, with the ultimate aim of reinforcing justice and human dignity within Indonesia’s legal order.
Copyright (c) 2026 ALADALAH: Jurnal Politik, Sosial, Hukum dan Humaniora https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Tinjauan Moralitas Hukum terhadap Overkriminalisasi dalam Regulasi Digital Indonesia
Legal uncertainty within Indonesia's digital regulation has triggered significant tension between state law enforcement and public morality dynamics. This study aims to analyze the juridical implications of vague formulations (deficit of lex certa principle) in the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE), which lead to overcriminalization, and its impact on the emergence of Cancel Culture as an alternative punishment mechanism. Employing normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches, this study examines the coherence between the formal validity of positive law and the principles of the internal morality of law. The main findings indicate that the ambiguity of provisions regarding indecency and defamation in the UU ITE has granted excessive discretion to law enforcement officials to criminalize subjective morality without indicators of tangible harm. This failure of the law to provide substantive justice is subsequently responded to by society through Cancel Culture, which ironically violates the principle of due process of law. The novelty of this research lies in the synthesis that the crisis of digital law enforcement is not merely an implementation issue but a structural moral defect due to the neglect of the lex certa principle. As a concrete solution, this study recommends revising the UU ITE by converting formal offenses into material offenses that require tangible harm to restore legal legitimacy.
Analisis Filsafat Hukum terhadap Penerapan Restorative Justice di Indonesia
Penelitian ini membahas keadilan restoratif dalam perspektif filsafat hukum modern dan menilai apakah pendekatan ini lebih mencerminkan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan dibandingkan keadilan retributif. Dengan metode penelitian hukum normatif, kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa keadilan restoratif menghadirkan pemulihan melalui dialog, pengakuan kesalahan, dan reparasi sehingga lebih berorientasi pada kebutuhan korban serta pemulihan relasi sosial. Berbeda dengan model retributif yang menekankan pembalasan, pendekatan restoratif dinilai lebih humanistik karena menempatkan manusia sebagai pusat penyelesaian perkara. Namun, dalam praktiknya menghadapi tantangan, seperti potensi tekanan terhadap korban dan risiko penyalahgunaan jika tanpa pengawasan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa keadilan restoratif dapat menjadi alternatif penting asalkan diterapkan secara terukur dan tetap menjamin prinsip keadilan serta kepastian hukum.
Relevansi Keadilan dalam Hukum Positif: Telaah Positivisme dan Naturalisme
Keadilan merupakan nilai dasar dan tujuan utama hukum. Artikel ini mengkaji relevansi nilai keadilan dalam hukum positif Indonesia melalui analisis filsafat hukum, khususnya hubungan antara aliran positivisme dan hukum alam. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan doktrinal dan studi kepustakaan atas berbagai teori hukum klasik dan modern. Tujuan utamanya adalah menjelaskan bagaimana nilai keadilan ditempatkan dalam pemikiran hukum positif Indonesia, serta bagaimana interaksi antara prinsip legalitas yang menjadi ciri positivisme dan prinsip moralitas yang ditekankan oleh hukum alam. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun hukum positif Indonesia banyak dipengaruhi tradisi positivistik Belanda, perkembangannya bergerak menuju model hukum yang lebih humanistik dan progresif, terutama karena berlandaskan nilai-nilai Pancasila. Pancasila berfungsi bukan hanya sebagai sumber hukum formal, tetapi juga sebagai pedoman moral dan etika dalam pembentukan serta penegakan hukum. Dengan demikian, setiap produk hukum idealnya mencerminkan nilai kemanusiaan dan keadilan sosial. Relevansi keadilan dalam hukum positif di Indonesia tampak melalui upaya menyatukan aspek legalitas dan moralitas, sehingga hukum tidak semata menjadi alat kekuasaan, tetapi juga menjadi sarana untuk mewujudkan tatanan sosial yang adil, beradab, dan berorientasi pada kemanusiaan.
Peran Filsafat Hukum dalam Memahami Konsep Keadilan
Filsafat hukum memiliki peranan sentral dalam memahami dan meneguhkan dasar normatif sistem hukum, karena ia menjadi pijakan konseptual yang menghubungkan antara hukum, moralitas, dan keadilan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan fungsi filsafat hukum dalam membentuk arah, tujuan, serta legitimasi moral hukum agar tidak hanya bersifat formalistik, tetapi juga berorientasi pada keadilan substansial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan doktrinal melalui analisis kepustakaan terhadap teori-teori hukum dan pandangan para filsuf seperti Aristoteles, Gustav Radbruch, dan John Rawls. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa filsafat hukum berfungsi sebagai dasar reflektif dan evaluatif bagi sistem hukum, memastikan bahwa norma-norma hukum selaras dengan nilai keadilan, kemanusiaan, dan moralitas. Dalam konteks hukum Indonesia, filsafat hukum menjadi fondasi dalam mewujudkan sistem hukum yang demokratis, inklusif, dan berkeadilan sosial sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Pancasila. Dengan demikian, penerapan filsafat hukum diharapkan dapat mengarahkan pembangunan hukum menuju keseimbangan antara kepastian hukum, kemanfaatan, dan keadilan yang hidup di tengah masyarakat.
Regulasi Kecerdasan Buatan untuk Mengatasi Penyalahgunaan Deepfake di Indonesia
Perkembangan pesat teknologi Kecerdasan Buatan (Artificial Intelligence/AI) telah membawa dampak transformasional terhadap berbagai dimensi kehidupan manusia, terutama dalam ranah inovasi digital dan keamanan siber. Salah satu bentuk penerapan AI yang menimbulkan perhatian serius dalam aspek hukum adalah teknologi deepfake, yaitu sistem yang memiliki kemampuan untuk memodifikasi konten visual dan audio dengan tingkat keautentikan yang sangat tinggi. Meskipun inovasi ini membuka peluang luas bagi perkembangan kreatif dan teknologi, keberadaannya juga menimbulkan tantangan hukum serta sosial yang kompleks, seperti penyebaran informasi palsu, penipuan keuangan, pelanggaran privasi, dan perusakan reputasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi serta menganalisis risiko hukum dan sosial yang muncul akibat penyalahgunaan deepfake, sekaligus merumuskan model regulasi AI yang ideal bagi konteks Indonesia. Dengan menerapkan pendekatan hukum normatif dan doktrinal, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa perangkat hukum yang ada, seperti Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE) serta Undang-Undang Perlindungan Data Pribadi (UU PDP), belum secara memadai mengatur penggunaan AI dan deepfake. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pembentukan regulasi yang bersifat komprehensif dan adaptif guna menegaskan tanggung jawab pengembang, memperkuat pengawasan terhadap platform digital, serta menjamin perlindungan hukum bagi korban penyalahgunaan. Sinergi antara pemerintah, akademisi, sektor swasta, dan masyarakat juga menjadi faktor penting dalam menciptakan ekosistem digital yang aman, transparan, dan berkeadilan.
Tanggung Jawab Negara terhadap Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Perspektif Filsafat Hukum
This article analyzes the state's responsibility in fulfilling human rights from a legal philosophy perspective, which raises the main issue of the imbalance between the ideal justice in the constitution and its reality. This study aims to determine the causes of the fulfillment of human rights in Indonesia, which is still limited to formalities even though the regulations are clear, and how legal philosophy can provide a basis for evaluating this situation. The research method used is normative-philosophical, with conceptual, legislative, and historical approaches, as well as qualitative-prescriptive analysis of Aristotle's theory of justice, Kant's deontological ethics, legal positivism, and the values of social justice in Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. The results of the study show that overly dominant legal positivism has resulted in the fulfillment of human rights often stopping at legality on paper rather than real justice. The state has also not been optimal in carrying out its ethical function of fulfilling, protecting, and respecting human rights through distributive, corrective, and affirmative policies. There is an urgent need to integrate moral values, governance ethics, and social justice principles in the interpretation and implementation of public policy. These results emphasize the need for a more ethical, responsive, and substantive justice-oriented legal paradigm shift so that the fulfillment of human rights in Indonesia can be truly meaningful and in line with the mandate of the constitution.
Analisis Yuridis Kebocoran Data LinkedIn 2021 dalam Kerangka UU Perlindungan Data Pribadi Indonesia
Perkembangan teknologi digital dalam satu dekade terakhir telah meningkatkan risiko pelanggaran data pribadi, seperti kasus kebocoran data LinkedIn tahun 2021 yang melibatkan sekitar 700 juta pengguna global, termasuk dari Indonesia. Insiden ini menunjukkan lemahnya perlindungan hukum nasional karena belum adanya regulasi tunggal yang komprehensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penyelesaian kasus kebocoran data sebelum dan sesudah disahkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Pelindungan Data Pribadi (UU PDP) serta menilai implikasi hukumnya terhadap sistem perlindungan data di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan melalui studi kepustakaan. Namun, masih terdapat research gap berupa kurangnya kajian komparatif yang menilai efektivitas penegakan hukum antara rezim pra dan pasca UU PDP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebelum UU PDP, perlindungan hukum bersifat administratif dan tidak efektif. Setelah UU PDP berlaku, terdapat pengakuan hak subjek data, pembentukan Otoritas Pelindungan Data Pribadi (OPDP), serta sanksi administratif dan pidana bagi pelanggar. UU PDP memperkuat legitimasi dan efektivitas hukum, sekaligus menandai pergeseran menuju keadilan digital di Indonesia.
Korupsi Bansos Covid-19 dalam Perspektif HAM dan Moralitas Pejabat Publik
Pandemi Covid-19 mendorong perluasan program bantuan sosial sebagai kewajiban negara melindungi kelompok rentan, namun korupsi dalam penyalurannya justru merampas hak-hak dasar warga. Kajian terdahulu lebih banyak menyoroti aspek yuridis formal dan kerugian keuangan negara, sehingga belum menempatkan korupsi bansos sebagai pelanggaran HAM yang lahir dari kegagalan moral pejabat publik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis korupsi bansos Covid-19 sebagai pelanggaran HAM serta menjelaskan peran prinsip moralitas dalam pertanggungjawaban pejabat publik melalui perspektif filsafat hukum. Metode yang digunakan ialah yuridis normatif dengan studi kepustakaan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, putusan pengadilan, dan literatur terkait, menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa korupsi bansos menghambat pemenuhan hak sosial-ekonomi, memperdalam ketidakadilan struktural, dan meruntuhkan otonomi moral pejabat publik sekaligus moralitas internal hukum. Implikasi praktisnya, penegakan hukum perlu bergeser dari fokus semata pada pemidanaan menuju pemulihan hak korban, reformasi tata kelola bansos, dan penguatan etika jabatan publik. Kebaruan artikel ini terletak pada penggabungan analisis HAM dan filsafat moral Kant–Fuller untuk memposisikan korupsi bansos sebagai pelanggaran hak asasi dan krisis moralitas pejabat dalam negara hukum
Analisis Perbandingan Implementasi Kepentingan Terbaik Anak Dalam Proses Adopsi Di Indonesia Dan Irlandia
Pengadopsian anak memiliki sistem dan mekanisme yang berbeda di setiap negara, sejalan dengan sistem hukum yang dianut masing‑masing negara. Indonesia yang menganut sistem civil law mengatur prosedur adopsi secara ketat melalui kodifikasi dan penetapan pengadilan yang cenderung panjang dan birokratis, sementara Irlandia sebagai negara common law menyerahkan pengawasan adopsi kepada lembaga independen yang menjalankan prosedur administratif dan yudisial. Kasus adopsi lintas negara seperti Tristan Dowse mengilustrasikan tantangan hukum dalam prosedur adopsi anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan implementasi prinsip kepentingan terbaik bagi anak dan mekanisme adopsi anak di Indonesia dan Irlandia. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perbandingan, melalui analisis kualitatif terhadap peraturan perundang‑undangan, putusan pengadilan, konvensi internasional, dan literatur terkait adopsi anak di kedua negara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia menempatkan prinsip kepentingan terbaik anak dalam UU Perlindungan Anak dan PP 54/2007 melalui prosedur yang ketat dan berbasis penetapan pengadilan, namun implementasinya masih sangat formalistik. Sebaliknya, Irlandia melaksanakan prinsip tersebut melalui lembaga independen yang menilai kelayakan calon orang tua angkat dengan mekanisme administratif‑yudisial dan penekanan kuat pada kesejahteraan anak, sebagaimana tampak dalam penanganan kasus Dowse. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan lembaga pengawasan adopsi yang lebih terpusat dan independen di Indonesia, penyederhanaan prosedur dengan tolok ukur kepentingan terbaik bagi anak, serta pertimbangan untuk mengadopsi Konvensi Den Haag 1993 tentang adopsi antarnegara.
Kedudukan Hukum Perdagangan Internasional dalam Membangun Sistem Perdagangan di Indonesia
Perdagangan internasional menempati posisi strategis dalam pembentukan sistem perdagangan nasional, khususnya setelah Indonesia meratifikasi perjanjian WTO dan menyesuaikan regulasi domestik melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2014 tentang Perdagangan. Analisis yuridis normatif digunakan untuk menelaah keterkaitan antara prinsip-prinsip WTO—seperti non-diskriminasi, transparansi, dan fasilitasi perdagangan—dengan kebijakan perdagangan Indonesia. Kajian menunjukkan bahwa harmonisasi regulasi Indonesia dengan instrumen WTO, termasuk GATT 1994 dan Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA), telah mendorong penyederhanaan prosedur perbatasan dan peningkatan kepastian hukum, meskipun sejumlah tantangan tetap muncul dalam pelaksanaan safeguards serta penyeimbangan antara liberalisasi dan perlindungan industri domestik. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya konsistensi kebijakan serta penguatan kapasitas kelembagaan untuk memastikan integrasi perdagangan Indonesia berjalan adil, transparan, dan kompetitif di tataran global.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hakikat keadilan dalam perspektif filsafat hukum serta menelaah implikasinya terhadap praktik penegakan hukum di Indonesia yang masih didominasi positivisme legal-formal. Melalui metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan filsafat dan konseptual, kajian ini menganalisis teori-teori keadilan klasik dan kontemporer serta relevansinya terhadap sistem hukum nasional. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketegangan antara kepastian hukum dan keadilan substantif masih menjadi persoalan serius, tercermin dari praktik peradilan yang kerap mengabaikan nilai moral, konteks sosial, dan prinsip kemanusiaan. Penelitian ini mengungkap bahwa keadilan tidak dapat dicapai hanya melalui penerapan aturan secara mekanis, melainkan memerlukan penafsiran hukum berbasis nilai (value-based) yang mengintegrasikan etika, moralitas, serta nilai Pancasila dalam setiap proses penegakan hukum. Novelty penelitian ini terletak pada integrasi analisis filsafat hukum dengan evaluasi kritis terhadap praktik peradilan Indonesia pascareformasi, serta pada argumentasi bahwa keadilan substantif hanya dapat dicapai melalui perpaduan antara penalaran moral, hermeneutika hukum, dan penggunaan diskresi yang etis. Kontribusi penelitian ini adalah menawarkan kerangka konseptual yang menempatkan moralitas dan keadilan sosial sebagai fondasi utama reformasi hukum, termasuk peningkatan kapasitas etis aparat hukum, perbaikan budaya hukum, dan perancangan regulasi yang berorientasi pada keadilan substantif. Implikasi penelitian ini menegaskan perlunya transformasi struktural dan kultural agar hukum tidak hanya sah secara formal, tetapi juga adil, manusiawi, dan responsif terhadap kebutuhan masyarakat Indonesia yang majemuk.
Reformasi Kewenangan Pengujian Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Menuju Model Ideal Negara Hukum
This article examines the dualistic structure of judicial review authority between the Constitutional Court (MK) and the Supreme Court (MA) in Indonesia, which has generated legal uncertainty and inconsistent rulings. Employing a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, the study identifies the root causes of overlapping jurisdiction and its implications for legal coherence. The findings demonstrate that the current division of authority produces divergent review standards, an uneven judicial workload, and potential conflicts between MK and MA decisions. The study proposes an ideal model in the form of consolidating judicial review under the Constitutional Court or strengthening coordination mechanisms through the formal recognition of constitutional precedent as binding for the Supreme Court. This research contributes to ongoing debates on judicial institutional reform and offers a structured framework for redesigning Indonesia’s norm-review system to enhance legal certainty and constitutional supremacy.
Penerapan Asas Proporsionalitas dalam Penjatuhan Sanksi Pidana terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Korupsi
Corruption is classified as an extraordinary crime that causes extensive harm to state finances and public welfare, particularly when committed during national emergencies. This study analyzes the application of the principle of proportionality in sentencing corruption offenders through Decision Number 29/Pid.Sus-TPK/2021/PN.JKT.PST concerning the corruption of Covid-19 social assistance funds involving the former Minister of Social Affairs, Juliari Batubara. Employing a normative legal research method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, this article examines whether the imposed sentence reflects the seriousness of the offense, the scale of state losses, and the extraordinary circumstances of a national disaster. The analysis reveals that the court failed to optimally apply the principle of proportionality by not considering Article 2 paragraph (2) of the Anti-Corruption Law, which allows aggravated punishment in specific conditions. This study contributes to the development of proportionality-based sentencing discourse and emphasizes the need for stronger judicial reasoning to ensure substantive justice and deterrence in corruption cases with significant social impact.
Dampak Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Judicial Review terhadap Sistem Hukum di Indonesia
The Constitutional Court (CC) was established following the amendments to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and holds a strategic role in upholding constitutional supremacy through its authority of judicial review. Although CC decisions are final and binding, their implementation often encounters political resistance, legislative delays, and weak institutional commitment, which may undermine legal certainty and constitutional governance. This study employs a normative juridical method using a statutory approach and library research, focusing on selected Constitutional Court decisions and their follow-up mechanisms. The findings show that the effectiveness of CC rulings is not solely determined by their juridical force, but largely depends on the responsiveness and synergy of legislative and executive institutions. Inconsistent implementation of CC decisions has led to regulatory gaps and uncertainty within the legal system. Therefore, strengthening institutional commitment and harmonizing judicial and legislative functions are essential to reinforce legal certainty, justice, and constitutional democracy in Indonesia.
Pengujian Konstitusionalitas Hak atas Lingkungan Hidup yang Baik dalam Kasus Pencemaran Lintas Batas
This study examines the constitutional review of the right to a good and healthy environment as guaranteed under Article 28H paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia in the context of transboundary environmental pollution, with a focus on the interpretation of state sovereignty. Transboundary pollution raises serious legal challenges due to the limitations of national jurisdiction in protecting citizens’ constitutional rights from environmental harm originating outside state territory. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches by analyzing the 1945 Constitution, environmental legislation, and relevant Constitutional Court decisions. The findings indicate that a narrow and territorial interpretation of state sovereignty may undermine the effective protection of environmental rights. Therefore, the Constitutional Court is encouraged to adopt a progressive constitutional interpretation that reconceptualizes sovereignty as a protective constitutional obligation (state obligation) encompassing transnational dimensions, in order to ensure the effective fulfillment of citizens’ environmental rights.
Kepastian Hukum Ikrar dan Akta Wakaf Bawah Tangan untuk Legalisasi Wakaf melalui Program Lintas Sektor di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Sukabumi
This study aims to analyze the legal certainty of informal waqf pledges and deeds, as well as the effectiveness of the Cross-Sector Program (LINTOR) in the legalization of waqf land in Sukabumi Regency. The research employs an empirical juridical method with statutory and sociological approaches, using document analysis, field observations, and interviews with the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA), the Land Office, and related stakeholders. The findings indicate that underhand waqf practices do not comply with Law Number 41 of 2004 on Waqf, thereby weakening legal evidentiary power and obstructing the waqf land certification process. Although the LINTOR Program conceptually facilitates the acceleration of waqf land registration, its implementation remains constrained by administrative deficiencies, weak inter-institutional coordination, and low public legal awareness. This study emphasizes the need to strengthen the role of KUA as Waqf Pledge Deed Officials, reinforce cross-sector technical regulations, and enhance legal literacy to ensure legal certainty in waqf land management.
Relevansi Pendekatan Mazhab dalam Hukum Islam Kontemporer
This article examines the relevance of the madhhab approach in shaping contemporary Islamic law through a comprehensive literature review. Rapid developments in modern social, economic, and technological contexts require more adaptive legal methodologies, while the classical madhhabs remain essential for providing structured usul al-fiqh principles and methodological foundations. This study aims to evaluate the extent to which madhhabs still function as a methodological basis, how they interact with modern forms of ijtihad, and how contemporary scholars integrate classical heritage with present-day demands. Using a descriptive–thematic literature review method, data were collected from accredited journals, scholarly books, and contemporary fatwas. The findings indicate that the madhhab tradition remains relevant when interpreted dynamically and aligned with the objectives of Islamic law (maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah). Madhhabs continue to serve as analytical frameworks that can be combined with modern ijtihad, collective reasoning, and interdisciplinary approaches to address emerging issues such as digital finance, bioethics, and technological advancements. However, the study also identifies inherent historical limitations within the madhhab system, which necessitate methodological renewal to maintain practical relevance in contemporary legal challenges. Overall, the article highlights the importance of harmonizing classical tradition with contextual approaches as a foundation for developing modern Islamic legal epistemology.
Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Anak sebagai Korban Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual
This study examines the harmonization between the Child Protection Act and Law Number 12 of 2022 on Sexual Violence Crimes (UU TPKS) in strengthening legal protection for child victims of sexual violence in Indonesia. Using a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches, this research analyzes the shift in the legal paradigm from a perpetrator-oriented retributive model toward a victim-centered restorative justice approach. The findings indicate that the integration of these regulations enhances legal certainty through the expansion of valid evidence, including electronic evidence and expert testimony, as well as the recognition of restitution as an enforceable right of victims. The introduction of the victim fund mechanism further ensures the fulfillment of victims’ material and psychological recovery when perpetrators are unable to provide restitution. This study concludes that regulatory synchronization significantly improves procedural protection and reinforces the state’s responsibility in safeguarding the best interests of child victims.
Diversi dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak menurut Undang Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012
Penelitian ini menganalisis konsep dan kedudukan diversi dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 dengan menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan perspektif teori perlindungan anak Eglantyne Jebb. Fokus kajian diarahkan pada fungsi diversi sebagai instrumen keadilan restoratif yang menyeimbangkan kepentingan penegakan hukum, perlindungan hak anak, dan pemulihan korban. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara normatif diversi telah dirancang sebagai mekanisme wajib untuk menghindarkan anak dari dampak negatif proses peradilan formal, namun implementasinya masih menghadapi hambatan berupa perbedaan persepsi aparat penegak hukum, resistensi korban, dan budaya hukum yang retributif. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada penegasan diversi sebagai elemen fundamental sistem peradilan pidana anak yang tidak hanya bersifat prosedural, tetapi juga mencerminkan perubahan paradigma hukum pidana anak menuju pendekatan yang humanis dan berorientasi pada kepentingan terbaik anak.
Tiktok sebagai Sumber Informasi Politik dan Dampaknya terhadap Partisipasi Politik Generasi Z dalam Musyawarah Desa
The development of social media has transformed patterns of political communication and participation, including at the village level. This study aims to analyze the role of TikTok as a source of political information and its impact on Generation Z’s political participation in the Village Deliberation Forum in Kincang Village, Banjarnegara Regency, which remains dominated by older age groups. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design, using in-depth interviews, observation of village deliberations, and documentation. Data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s interactive model. The findings indicate that TikTok serves as an initial gateway to political literacy for Generation Z through visual and easily accessible content, thereby increasing political awareness and political efficacy. However, the brief nature of TikTok content may lead to partial understanding, making the Village Deliberation Forum a crucial space for clarification and contextual learning. This study highlights the integration of digital public spaces and formal deliberative institutions as a novel contribution to strengthening youth political participation at the village level.
Analisis Model Pendidikan Politik Partai Solidaritas Indonesia (PSI) dalam Meningkatkan Partisipasi Politik Kaum Muda di Kabupaten Wonosobo
Political education is a strategic function of political parties in enhancing the quality of civic participation, particularly among young people. This study aims to analyze the political education model implemented by the Indonesian Solidarity Party (PSI) in Wonosobo Regency and to assess its effectiveness in promoting youth political participation. The research employs a qualitative case study approach using in-depth interviews, observation, and document analysis. The findings reveal that PSI has developed a participatory and contextual political education model by integrating offline and online strategies and positioning party cadres as key educational actors. This model contributes to improved political understanding, attitudinal change, and the early emergence of youth political participation, although it remains constrained by digital literacy gaps and limited cadre capacity. The study highlights the importance of sustainable and adaptive party-based political education in strengthening local democracy.
Islam, Negara, dan Hak Konstitusional: Analisis terhadap Kebebasan Beragama dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam dan UUD 1945
Freedom of religion is a fundamental right guaranteed in Islamic teachings as well as within the Indonesian constitutional framework. However, the practical implementation of this freedom has not fully aligned with the constitutional provisions that regulate it. Various events, including the restriction of worship facilities, discriminatory policies toward religious minorities, and the enforcement of blasphemy regulations, indicate a significant gap between constitutional norms and societal practices. This issue is relevant considering that religion in Indonesia is not only a sociological9 identity but also plays a normative role in the state system. This research aims to examine religious freedom from Islamic legal perspectives and analyze constitutional protection within the 1945 Constitution, while identifying points of harmonization between the two frameworks. A normative legal methodology using comparative analysis between Islamic jurisprudence and constitutional law was applied. Findings reveal that both Islam and the Indonesian Constitution recognize religious freedom while placing limits for public order, equality, and communal well-being. The Qur’anic principle la ikraha fid-din aligns with Article 28E and Article 29 of the 1945 Constitution, although implementation varies based on political and social context. This research recommends strengthening moderate Islamic interpretation and constitutional practice to ensure equal protection for all religious groups.
Paradigma Kebijakan Kriminal dalam KUHP Nasional Indonesia
Indonesia’s new Penal Code (Law No. 1 of 2023) has been promoted as a milestone of legal modernization and decolonial reform, marking a formal break from colonial criminal law. This article critically examines whether such claims correspond to a substantive transformation in criminal policy or merely reflect a reconfiguration of long-standing penal rationalities. Employing normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches, the study analyzes the architecture of criminalization and sentencing embedded in the new Code as an integrated system of penal governance. The analysis reveals that although the Penal Code introduces clearer structures, explicit sentencing purposes, and diversified sanctioning mechanisms, these reforms do not substantially alter the state-centered orientation of criminal law. Patterns of expansive criminalization, broad protection of state interests, and flexible sentencing rationales continue to normalize penal intervention as a primary tool of social regulation. Consequently, modernization within the new Penal Code operates largely at the formal and symbolic level, while the underlying paradigm of criminal policy remains oriented toward the consolidation rather than the limitation of punitive state power.